In order to better understand the world of computer networking, it is
essential to understand some of the more complex terminology. Listed below
you will find a list of n
Address Mask - A bit mask used to select bits from an Internet address for
subnet addressing
Active Directory Service (ADS) - A service that can be used as an
information service as well as administrative service.
API - Application Programming Interface
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) - The Internet protocol used to
dynamically map Internet addresses to physical (hardware) addresses on LANs.
Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) - Policies and procedures used to govern the
appropriate usage of a network, computer, resource, or service.
Authentication - The process by which a user's identity is checked within
the network to ensure that the user has access to the requested resources or
services.
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) - Protocol that allows an Internet node to
discover certain startup information, such as its IP address.
Challenge Handshake Authorization Protocol CHAP) - A protocol used for
identifying and authenticating a user and his or her password. The password
used challenge response methods to identify clients.
Cookie - A piece of information sent by a Web server to a Web browser. The
browser software is then expected to save the data and send it back to the
server whenever the browser makes additional requests from the server.
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) - The services that support the
creation and maintenance of distributed applications.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) - A protocol used to retrieve
startup information such as a subnet mask and IP address from a DHCP server.
Domain Naming System (DNS) - A system used by the Internet for translating
names of host computers into addresses.
Domain - An element of the naming hierarchy on a network.
Domain Name - The unique name that identifies an Internet site or on a
network.
Encryption - A type of network security in which information sent over the
network is encoded so that only the intended users can access the
information.
Firewall - Hardware and/or software used to protect a LAN from malicious
attacks by filtering incoming or outgoing packets.
Gateway - Any hardware or software that is used for the purpose of providing
access from one system to another.
Hop - Term used to describe the data link between two gateways or routers
that a packet must travel to reach its destination.
Host - Term used in the Internet community to describe any device attached
to the network that provides application-level service.
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) - Used to communicate IP status and
error messages between hosts and routers.
Internet Protocol (IP) - The IP contains addressing information and some
control information that allows packets to be routed. An IP address is the
specific address assigned to a computer connected to a network. If the IP
address is manually given to a network device, it is said to be static, if
it is assigned through DCHP it is said to be static.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP) - Serves as framework under
which different NOS and application-specific directories may be incorporated
and managed.
Management Information Base II (MIB-II) - A collection of objects that can
be accessed via a network management protocol such as SNMP.
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) - A container utility that takes
different management tools called ""Snap-Ins"".
Network Device Interface Specification (NDIS) - A driver, developed by
Microsoft and 3Com, for LANs that support Token-Ring and Ethernet network
types.
NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI) - A transport protocol that
supports Windows for Workgroups.
Network Basic Input Output System (NetBIOS) - The standard interface to
networks on IBM PC and compatible systems using Microsoft and IBM network
software.
Open Directory Services Interface (ODSI) - A set of WOSA API's, for a single
set of interfaces for building applications that access, register with, and
manage multiple directory services.
OU - Organizational units
OSI - Open Systems Interconnection
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) - A protocol used for identifying and
authenticating a user and his or her password.
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) - A protocol used by a host to
obtain an IP address based on the address of the host's adapter card. This
protocol is typically used when IP addresses are scarce.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) - A protocol, limited to a small number
of machines attached to LANs, used to exchange Internet routing information
across networks.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) - A set of standards for
communication with devices connected to a TCP/IP network. Examples of these
devices include routers, hubs and switches."
Source Route - The route that a packet takes to reach its destination. The
route is determined prior to the start of the transmission of the packet.
Subnet Mask - The part of the address mask that identifies an individual
network within a larger network.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) - The suite of
protocols that defines the Internet. Originally designed for the Unix
operating system, TCP/IP software is now available for every major operating
system.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - A transport protocol in the Internet suite of
protocols. UDP, like TCP, uses IP for deliver; however, unlike TCP, UDP
provides for the exchange of datagrams without acknowledgment or guaranteed
delivery.
Universal Naming Convention (UNC) - Addresses currently used in Windows NT
Server networks to point to shared volumes, files, and printers.
URL - Universal Resource Locator
WINS - Windows Internet Naming Service
WOSA - Windows Open Services Architecture